{"id":381423,"date":"2024-10-20T03:11:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T03:11:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-62001-12021\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T05:47:32","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T05:47:32","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-tr-62001-12021","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-tr-62001-12021\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC TR 62001-1:2021"},"content":{"rendered":"

This part of IEC 62001, which is a Technical Report, deals with the specification and design evaluation of AC side harmonic performance and AC side filters for HVDC schemes. It is intended to be primarily for the use of the utilities and consultants who are responsible for issuing the specifications for new HVDC projects and evaluating designs proposed by prospective suppliers.<\/p>\n

This document provides guidance on the specifications of AC filters for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters and filter performance calculation.<\/p>\n

The scope of this document covers AC side filtering for the frequency range of interest in terms of harmonic distortion and audible frequency disturbances. Where the term “HVDC converter” or “HVDC station” is referred to without qualification, in this document, it is understood to refer to LCC technology. It excludes filters designed to be effective in the power line carrier (PLC) and radio interference spectra.<\/p>\n

The bulk of this document concentrates on the “conventional” AC filter technology and LCC (line-commutated converter) HVDC. Voltage sourced converter (VSC) specific issues are discussed in CIGRE Technical Brochure 754 [1]2<\/sup> and in IEC TR 62001-5 [2].<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n4 Outline of specifications of AC filters for HVDC systems
4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n4.2 Boundaries of responsibility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4.3 Scope of studies
4.4 Scope of supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n4.5 Technical data to be supplied by contractor
4.6 Alternative proposals by bidders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n5 Permissible distortion limits
5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n5.2 Voltage distortion
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Definitions of performance criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n5.2.3 Discussion and recommendations
5.2.4 Determination of limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.2.5 Pre-existing harmonic levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5.2.6 Relaxed limits for short term and infrequent conditions
5.2.7 Treatment of interharmonic frequencies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5.3 Distortion limits pertaining to the HV and EHV network equipment
5.3.1 HVAC transmission system equipment
5.3.2 Harmonic currents in synchronous machines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.3.3 Nearby HVDC installations
5.4 Telephone interference
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Causes of telephone interference
5.4.3 Definitions of performance criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.4.4 Discussion
5.4.5 Determination of limits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n5.4.6 Pre-existing harmonic levels
5.4.7 Limits for temporary conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n5.5 Special criteria
6 Harmonic generation
6.1 General
6.2 Converter harmonic generation
6.2.1 Idealized conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Idealized current waveforms on the AC side of converter transformer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n6.2.2 Realistic conditions
Figure 2 \u2013 Realistic current waveforms on the AC side of converter transformer including effect of non-idealities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nFigure 3 \u2013 Comparison of harmonic content of current waveform under idealized and realistic conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n6.3 Calculation methodology
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Harmonic currents for performance, rating and other calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6.3.3 Combining harmonics from different converter bridges
6.3.4 Consistent sets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n6.3.5 Harmonic generation for different DC power ranges
Figure 4 \u2013 Typical variation of characteristic harmonic magnitude with direct current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.4 Sensitivity of harmonic generation to various factors
6.4.1 Direct current, control angle and commutation overlap
6.4.2 Effect of asymmetries on characteristic harmonics
6.4.3 Converter equipment parameter tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n6.4.4 Tap steps
6.4.5 Theoretically cancelled harmonics
6.4.6 Negative and zero sequence voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n6.4.7 Converter transformer saturation
6.4.8 Harmonic interaction across the converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n6.4.9 Back-to-back systems
6.5 Externally generated harmonics
7 Filter arrangements
7.1 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n7.2 Advantages and disadvantages of typical filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n7.3 Classification of filter types
7.4 Tuned filters
7.4.1 Single tuned filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nFigure 5 \u2013 Single tuned filter and frequency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n7.4.2 Double tuned filters
Figure 6 \u2013 Double tuned filter and frequency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n7.4.3 Triple tuned filters
Figure 7 \u2013 Triple tuned filter and frequency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n7.5 Damped filters
7.5.1 Single tuned damped filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFigure 8 \u2013 2nd order damped filter and frequency response
Figure 9 \u2013 3rd order damped filter and frequency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 C-type filter and frequency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n7.5.2 Double tuned damped filters
Figure 11 \u2013 Double tuned damped filter and frequency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n7.6 Choice of filters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n8 Filter performance calculation
8.1 Calculation procedure
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Input data
8.1.3 Methodology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n8.1.4 Calculation of converter harmonic currents
Figure 12 \u2013 Circuit model for filter calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n8.1.5 Selection of filter types and calculation of their impedances
8.1.6 Calculation of performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n8.2 Detuning and tolerances
8.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n8.2.2 Detuning factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n8.2.3 Resistance variations
8.2.4 Modelling
8.3 Network impedance for performance calculations
8.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n8.3.2 Network modelling using impedance envelopes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n8.3.3 Sector diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n8.3.4 Circle diagram
Figure 13 \u2013 AC system impedance general sector diagram, with minimum impedance
Figure 14 \u2013 AC system impedance general sector diagram, with minimum resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n8.3.5 Discrete polygons
Figure 15 \u2013 AC system impedance generalcircle diagram, with minimum resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nFigure 16 \u2013 Example of harmonic impedances for harmonics of order 2 to 4
Figure 17 \u2013 Example of harmonic impedances for harmonics of order 5 to 8 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n8.3.6 Zero-sequence impedance modelling
8.3.7 Detailed modelling of AC network for performance calculation
Figure 18 \u2013 Example of harmonic impedances for harmonics of order 9 to 13
Figure 19 \u2013 Example of harmonic impedances for harmonics of order 14 to 49 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n8.4 Outages of filter banks and sub-banks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n8.5 Considerations of probability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nFigure 20 \u2013 Illustration of basic voltage quality concepts with time\/location statistics covering the whole system (adapted from IEC TR 61000-3-6:2008) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n8.6 Flexibility regarding compliance
8.7 Ratings of the harmonic filter equipment
Figure 21 \u2013 Example of range of operation where specificationson harmonic levels are not met for a filter scheme solution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n9 Filter switching and reactive power management
9.1 General
9.2 Reactive power interchange with AC network
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Impact on reactive compensation and filter equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n9.2.3 Evaluation of reactive power interchange <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n9.3 HVDC converter reactive power capability
9.4 Bank\/sub-bank definitions and sizing
9.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n9.4.2 Sizing
Figure 22 \u2013 Branch, sub-bank and bank definition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n9.5 Hysteresis in switching points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n9.6 Converter Q-V control near switching points
9.7 Operation at increased converter control angles
9.8 Filter switching sequence and harmonic performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n9.9 Demarcation of responsibilities
9.9.1 General
9.9.2 Customer
Figure 23 \u2013 Typical switching sequence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n9.9.3 Contractor
10 Customer specified parameters and requirements
10.1 General
10.2 AC system parameters
10.2.1 Voltage
Figure 24 \u2013 Reactive power components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n10.2.2 Voltage unbalance
10.2.3 Frequency
10.2.4 Short circuit level
10.2.5 Filter switching <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n10.2.6 Reactive power interchange
10.2.7 System harmonic impedance
10.2.8 Zero sequence data
10.2.9 System earthing
10.2.10 Insulation level
10.2.11 Creepage distances
10.2.12 Pre-existing voltage distortion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n10.3 Harmonic distortion requirements
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Redundancy requirements
10.4 Environmental conditions
10.4.1 Temperature
10.4.2 Pollution
10.4.3 Wind <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n10.4.4 Ice and snow loading (if applicable)
10.4.5 Solar radiation
10.4.6 Isokeraunic levels
10.4.7 Seismic requirements
10.4.8 Audible noise
10.5 Electrical environment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n10.6 Requirements for filter arrangements and components
10.6.1 Filter arrangements
10.6.2 Filter capacitors
10.6.3 Test requirements
10.7 Protection of filters
10.8 Loss evaluation
10.9 Field measurements and verifications
10.10 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n11 Future developments
11.1 General
11.2 Non-standard filter technology
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Automatically tuned reactors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nFigure 25 \u2013 Design principle of a self-tuned reactor using DCcontrol current in an orthogonal winding
Figure 26 \u2013 Control principle for self-tuned filter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n11.2.3 Single-phase redundancy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n11.2.4 Stand-along active filters
Figure 27 \u2013 One method of switching a redundant single phase filter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n11.2.5 Compact design
11.3 Other LCC converter technology
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Series commutated converters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nFigure 28 \u2013 Various possible configurations of series compensated HVDC converters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n11.3.3 Transformerless converters
11.3.4 Unit connection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n11.4 Changing external environment
11.4.1 Increased pre-existing levels of harmonic distortion
11.4.2 Developments in communication technology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n11.4.3 Changes in structure of the power supply industry
11.4.4 Focus on power quality
11.4.5 Fewer large synchronous generators and more renewable and distributed generation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Alternative type of procurement procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Formulae for calculating the characteristic harmonics of a bridge converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Definition of telephone interference parameters
C.1 General
C.2 Criteria according to European practice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Equivalent frequency deviation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Reactive power management
E.1 HVDC converter reactive power capability
E.1.1 Steady-state capability
Figure E.1 \u2013 Capability diagram of a converter under different control strategies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nFigure E.2 \u2013 Converter capability with \u03b3min = 17\u00b0, \u03b3max = 40\u00b0, \u03b1min = 5\u00b0, \u03b1max = 35\u00b0 and Udiomax = 1,2UdioN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nE.1.2 Temporary capability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nE.2 Converter Q-V control near switching points
Figure E.3 \u2013Reactive power absorption of a rectifier as a function of \u03b1 with Udio = UdioN, dx = 9,4 % and dr = 0,2 %
Figure E.4 \u2013 Reactive power absorption of a inverter as a function of \u03b3 with Udio = UdioN, dx = 9,4 % and dr = 0,2 % <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nE.3 Step change in voltage on switching a filter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Guidance to the specification and design evaluation of AC filters – Overview<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2021<\/td>\n112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":381430,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-381423","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/381423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/381430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=381423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=381423"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=381423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}