{"id":216590,"date":"2024-10-19T14:02:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-61642019-tc\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T07:07:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T07:07:05","slug":"bs-61642019-tc","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-61642019-tc\/","title":{"rendered":"BS 6164:2019 – TC"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\ncompares BS 6164:2019 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nTRACKED CHANGES
Text example 1 \u2014 indicates added text (in green) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nSummary of pages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nPublishing information
Supersession
Information about this document
Use of this document <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nPresentational conventions
Contractual and legal considerations
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references
Standards publications
Standards publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nOther publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions
4 The control of risk
4.1 From hazard identification to safe systems of work
4.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4.1.2 Devising safe systems of work
4.2 Planning for contingencies and emergencies (see Clause 14) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n4.3 Types of accidents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n4.4 Occupational health and welfare
4.4.1 Health surveillance
4.4.2 Control of residual occupational health risks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.4.3 Provision of information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n4.4.4 Record keeping
4.4.5 Washing facilities and potable water
4.4.6 Mitigation measures
4.4.6.1 Noise
4.4.6.2 Manual handling
4.4.6.3 Work-related upper limb disorders
4.4.6.4 Hand\u2013arm vibration syndrome <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n4.4.6.5 Heat stress and exhaustion
4.4.6.6 Skin problems
4.4.6.7 Dust (including respirable crystalline silica)
4.4.6.8 Diesel engine exhaust emissions (DEEEs)
4.4.6.9 Fatigue <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n4.4.6.10 Shift length
5 Investigation and information gathering
5.1 General
5.2 Preliminary studies
5.2.1 Topography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n5.2.2 Geology and hydrogeology
5.2.3 Hydrology
5.2.4 Existing structures, services, old workings and unexploded ordnanceordinance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n5.2.5 Weather
5.3 Project-specific studies
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Boreholes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n5.3.3 Information logging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n5.3.4 Geophysical investigation
5.3.5 Surface survey
5.3.6 Subsurface survey
5.3.7 Structural survey <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n5.3.8 Groundwater tests
5.3.9 Gas
5.3.10 Blasting trials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n5.4 Ground investigation during construction
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Probing ahead
5.4.3 Pilot tunnel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n6 Detailed planning for health and safety
6.1 Integral nature of design and construction
6.2 Pre-construction stage organization
6.3 Construction stage
6.3.1 Organization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n6.3.2 Statutory controls
6.3.3 Supervision and, inspection and RESS meetings
6.3.4 Temporary works <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n6.3.5 Records and reports
6.3.6 Recruitment of project personnel
6.3.7 Competence and training
6.3.7.1 Competence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n6.3.7.2 Information and training
6.3.8 Personal protective equipment
6.3.8.1 General
6.3.8.2 Head protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n6.3.8.3 Foot protection
6.3.8.4 Hand protection
6.3.8.5 Eye protection
6.3.8.6 Whole-body protection
6.3.8.7 Respiratory protection
6.3.8.8 Hearing protection
6.3.8.9 Self-rescuers
6.3.9 First aid provision and procedures
6.3.9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n6.3.9.2 First aid facilities
6.3.9.3 First aid rooms
6.3.9.4 First aid training
6.3.9.5 Stretchers
6.3.9.6 Ambulances
6.3.9.7 Transport underground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n6.4 Safety of permanent and temporary works
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Design checks
6.4.3 Ground support works <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n6.4.4 Organization
6.4.5 Management of temporary works <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n6.4.6 Technical considerations
6.4.7 Category 0 and 1 checks
6.4.8 Category 2 and 3 checking
6.4.8.1 Competence of the checker <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n6.4.8.2 Scope of the independent check
6.4.8.3 Information to be supplied to the checker
6.4.8.4 Checking process
6.4.8.5 Output from the check
6.4.8.6 Resolution of disagreements
6.4.9 Records and reports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n6.4.10 Peer review
6.5 Recruitment of project personnel
6.6 Competence
6.6.1 Skills, knowledge, experience and training
6.6.2 Information and training <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n6.7 Personal protective equipment
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Head protection
6.7.3 Foot protection
6.7.4 Hand protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n6.7.5 Eye protection
6.7.6 Whole-body protection
6.7.7 Respiratory protection
6.7.8 Hearing protection
6.7.9 Self-rescuers
6.8 First aid provision and procedures
6.8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n6.8.1.1 First aid facilities
6.8.2 First aid rooms
6.8.3 First aid training
6.8.4 Stretchers
6.8.5 Ambulances
6.8.6 Transport underground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n7 Excavation and control of ground supportmovement
7.1 General
7.1 Management of risk in the tunnel construction process
7.2 Basic principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n7.3 Ground movement control
7.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n7.3.2 Settlement control \u2013 Mechanized tunnelling
7.3.3 Compensation grouting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n7.4 Ground characteristics
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Granular soil
7.4.2.1 General
7.4.2.2 Sand and gravel
7.4.3 Cohesive soil
7.4.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n7.4.3.2 Clay
7.4.3.3 Silt
7.4.3.4 Chalk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n7.4.3.5 Rock
7.4.4 Made ground and contaminated ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\n7.5 Indicative methods of tunnelling
7.5 Tunnel excavation
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Machinery used in tunnelling
7.6 Methods of excavation and spoil removal
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Mechanized tunnelling, including machines for pipe jacking and microtunnelling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n7.6.3 Conventional tunnelling
7.6.4 Hand excavation
7.6 Tunnelling machines
7.6.1 Open-faced shields <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n7.6.2 Tunnel boring machines (TBMs)
7.6.2.1 General
7.6.2.2 Slurry machines
NOTE On most machines, head access is through an airlock.
7.6.2.3 Earth-pressure balance machines
7.6.2.4 Rock TBMs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n7.6.2.5 Ground support for mechanised tunnelling
7.6.3 Non-shield tunnelling
7.7 Control of ground movement when tunnelling in soft ground without a segmental lining
7.7.1 Construction risks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n7.7.2 Initial support and profile control of SCL tunnels
7.7.3 Sprayed concrete
7.7.3.1 General
7.7.3.2 Safety precautions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n7.7.3.3 Health precautions
7.7.3.4 Water proofing
7.8 Tunnelling machines
7.8.1 Open-faced shields
7.8.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n7.8.2 Tunnel boring machines (TBMs)
7.8.2.1 General
7.8.2.2 Slurry machines
7.8.2.3 Earth-pressure balance machines (EPBs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n7.8.2.4 Hard-rock TBMs
7.8.2.5 Segment-erection equipment
7.8 Tunnelling in rock
7.8.1 Excavation techniques
7.8.1.1 Rock TBM
7.8.1.2 Drill-and-blast <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n7.8.1.3 Roadheaders and other part face machines
7.8.2 Control of ground movement
7.8.2.1 Steel arches and packing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n7.8.2.2 Sprayed concrete
7.8.3 Rock bolting
7.9 Conventional tunnelling in rock
7.9.1 Excavation techniques
7.9.1.1 Drill-and-blast <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n7.9.1.2 Roadheaders and other part face machines
7.9.2 Steel arches and packing
7.9.2.1 General
7.9.2.2 Two-part arches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n7.9.2.3 Large or multi-part arches and frames
7.9.2.4 Steel lattice ribs
7.9.2.5 Support between arches
7.9.3 Rock bolting
7.9 Hand excavation, headings and small tunnels
7.9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n7.9.2 Hand excavation
7.9.3 Hand-driven segmentally lined tunnel without a shield
7.9.4 Timber headings
7.9.5 Back filling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n7.9.6 Escape and rescue
7.9.7 Ventilation of small tunnels
7.10 Compressed air
7.10 Pipe and box jacking
7.10.1 Pipe jacking
7.10.2 Control of ground movement
7.10.3 Box jacking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n7.11 Geotechnical processes for ground improvement and water management
7.11.1 Freezing
7.11.1.1 General
7.11.1.2 Brine
7.11.1.3 Liquid nitrogen <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\n7.11.2 Ground injection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n7.11.3 Dewatering
7.11.4 Depressurization
7.11 Soil conditioners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\n7.12 Small headings and small tunnels
7.12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\n7.12.2 Hand-driven segmental lined tunnel without a shield
7.12.3 Timber headings
7.12.4 Back filling
7.12.5 Rescue and escape
7.12.6 Ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n7.13 Pilot tunnels
7.14 Pipe and box jacking
7.14.1 Pipe jacking
7.14.2 Box jacking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\n7.15 Soil conditioners and lubricants
7.16 Settlement control \u2013 Mechanized tunnelling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n7.17 Compensation grouting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n7.18 Pipe arches and spiles
8 Permanent support
8.1 General
8.2 In-situ linings
8.2.1 Primary lining
8.2.2 Secondary lining <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n8.3 Prefabricated linings
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Segments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n8.3.3 Transportation and erection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n8.3.4 Jacking pipes and boxes
8.3.4.1 Jacking pipes
8.3.4.2 Jacking boxes
8.3.5 Grouting behind the lining <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n8.4 Construction of openings
8.5 Monitoring of loads and deformation
8.5.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n8.5.2 Inclined shafts and escalator shafts
9 Management of groundwater
9.1 Control of groundwater
9.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n9.1.2 External dewatering
9.1.3 Impermeable cover
9.1.4 Ground freezing
9.1.5 Ground treatment
9.1.6 Slurry and earth-pressure balance machines
9.1.7 Compressed air
9.1.8 Controlled inflow
9.2 Handling of groundwater
9.2.1 Tunnel gradient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n9.2.2 Sumps
9.2.3 Pumping capacity
9.2.4 Subdrains
9.2.5 Handling water under compressed air
9.2.6 Watertightness of lining
9.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n9.1.2 Dewatering, depressurization and control of groundwater <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n9.1.3 Impermeable cover
9.2 Geotechnical processes for water management and ground improvement
9.2.1 Ground freezing
9.2.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\n9.2.1.2 Liquid nitrogen
9.2.2 Ground injection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n9.3 Compressed air
9.4 Drilling through the tunnel lining for dewatering, ground treatment or freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n9.5 Risk from groundwater on entry to cutterhead
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Controlled inflow
9.6 Handling of groundwater
9.6.1 Tunnel gradient
9.6.2 Sumps
9.6.3 Pumps
9.6.4 Pumping capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n9.6.5 Subdrains
9.6.6 Handling water under compressed air
9.6.7 Waterproofing of the lining
10 Inundation
10.1 General
10.2 Inundation at the tunnel face
10.2.1 Identification of risk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n10.2.2 Precautions
10.2.3 Shaft protection
10.2.4 Precautions when flooding threatens <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\n10.3 Remedial action
10.4 Flooding of the tunnel from a shaft or adjoining tunnel
10.4.1 Identification of flood risk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\n10.4.2 Shaft protection
10.4.3 Precautions when flooding threatens
10.4.4 Remedial action
10.5 Precautions when drilling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n10.2 Reliance on geological information
10.3 Other potential sources of flooding
10.4 Precautions for probe drilling
10.5 Inundation during shaft and portal construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n10.6 Inundation of a tunnel constructed with open faces (including backshunts and foreshunts)
10.7 Inundation during Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) launch
10.8 Inundation via the TBM during operation
10.9 Inundation during face inspections of closed face TBMs
10.10 Dealing with inundation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n11 Compressed-air working
11.1 Structural considerations
11.1.1 General
11.1.2 Maximum working pressure
11.1.3 Ground strength
11.1.4 Bulkheads for airlocks in tunnel linings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n11.2 Physical effects of compressed air
11.2.1 Hydrostatic balance
11.2.2 Supporting pressure
11.2.3 Ground loading
11.2.4 Consequence of a blow-out <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n11.2.5 Behaviour in permeable non-cohesive ground
11.2.6 Air losses
11.2.7 Depressurizing of working chamber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n11.1 Physical effects of compressed air
11.1.1 Hydrostatic balance
11.1.2 Supporting pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n11.1.3 Ground loading
11.1.4 Consequence of a blow-out
11.1.5 Behaviour in permeable non-cohesive ground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n11.1.6 Minimizing air losses
11.1.7 Depressurizing of working chamber
11.2 Structural considerations
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Maximum working pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\n11.2.3 Check on ability of ground to withstand air pressure
11.2.4 Bulkheads for airlocks in shaft or tunnel linings
11.3 Shaft sinkingconstruction under compressed air (see also Clause 20)
11.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\n11.3.2 UnderpinningShaft sinking
11.3.2.1 General
11.3.2.2 Caisson construction
11.3.2.3 Access <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\n11.4 TBMs and compressed air
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 TBM with pressurized plenumexcavation chamber
11.4.3 Entire TBM in pressurized atmosphere <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n11.4.4 Repairs to the front face of a TBM cutterhead
11.5 Air supply
11.5.1 Quality
11.5.2 Quantity
11.5.3 Compressed-air plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\n11.5.4 Deoxygenated air
11.6 Bulkheads, airlocks and associated compressed-air equipment
11.6.1 Design and construction
11.6.2 Testing of the installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n11.7 Fires and rescue in compressed air
11.7.1 Special hazards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\n11.7.2 Fire at timbered face
11.7.3 Fire-fighting equipment
11.7.4 Special training <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n11.7.5 Methane
11.7.6 Rescue when shaft sinking with using vertical airlocks
11.7.7 Rescue in tunnel and from machines
11.7.8 Self-rescuers
11.8 Inundation
11.8.1 Precautions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\n11.8.2 Escape
11.9 High pressure compressed air
12 MethaneExplosive atmospheres
12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
116<\/td>\n12.2 Occurrence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n12.3 Explosion characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
118<\/td>\n12.4 Detection and monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\n12.5 Danger levels
12.6 Sources of ignition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\n12.7 Explosion protection (see also 12.5)
12.8 Work in potentially explosive atmospheres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n12.5 Action levels
12.6 Re-entry procedures
12.7 Sources of ignition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n12.8 Explosion protection (see also 12.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n12.9 Work in potentially explosive atmospheres
12.10 Other explosive gases
12.11 Methane occurrence on TBMs
12.12 Methane occurrence in slurry plant
12.13 Flammable dust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n13 Fire and smoke
13.1 Storage of materials
13.1.1 General
13.1.2 Combustible materials
Table 4 Provision of fire extinguishing equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\nTable 5 Portable fire extinguishing equipment
13.1.3 Flammable liquids
13.1.4 Compressed gases
13.1.5 Handheld blowpipes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\n13.1.6 Lighting fixtures
13.1.7 Accumulation of refuse
13.1.8 Low flammability hydraulic fluid
13.2 Welding and cutting (burning)
13.2.1 General
13.2.2 Electric arc welding and cutting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n13.3 Fires involving electrical equipment
13.4 Fire precautions
13.4.1 General
13.4.2 Fire mains and hose connections
13.4.3 Fire extinguishing systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\n13.4.4 Routine testing and maintenance of fire protection equipment
13.5 Vulnerable items and locations
13.6 Escape routes
13.1 Sources of fuel and ignition
13.1.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\n13.1.2 Smoking
13.1.3 Combustible materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n13.1.4 Flammable liquids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\n13.1.5 Compressed gas cylinders
13.1.6 Lighting fixtures
13.1.7 Accumulation of refuse
13.1.8 Plant and equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\n13.1.9 Resins, waterproofing materials and other chemicals
13.1.10 Explosives
13.1.11 Other fuel sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\n13.2 Welding and cutting (burning)
13.2.1 General
13.2.2 Handheld blowpipes
13.2.3 Electric arc welding and cutting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\n13.3 Fire precautions
13.3.1 General
13.3.2 Fire mains and hose connections
13.3.3 Fire suppression and smoke control systems
13.3.4 Routine testing and maintenance of fire protection equipment
13.4 Fires involving electrical equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\n13.5 Water spray curtain
14 Response to emergencies
14.1 Escape routes
14.114.2 Emergency services and operational capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\n14.214.3 Emergency control facilities
14.2.114.3.1 Control rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\n14.2.214.3.2 Bridgeheads
14.314.4 Raising the alarm
14.414.5 Alarm procedures
14.4.114.5.1 Consultation and planning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\n14.4.214.5.2 Action at point of discovery of an incident
14.4.314.5.3 Action on receiving the alarm
14.514.6 Site training <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\n14.614.7 Access
14.714.8 Lighting
14.814.9 Smoke control
14.914.10 Rescue facilities
14.1014.11 Self-rescuers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n14.1114.12 Accounting for personnel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\n14.1214.13 Refuge chamber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\n14.14 Escape and rescue in small tunnels
14.15 Response to inundation risk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\n14.16 Recovery of the situation following inundation
15 Ventilation
15.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\n15.2 Guidelines for fresh air supply quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\n15.3 Quality of air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\n15.4 Dangerous gases
15.4.1 General
15.4.2 Simple asphyxiants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\n15.4.3 Atmospheric contaminants most commonly encountered in tunnelling
15.4.3.1 Carbon monoxide (CO)
15.4.3.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
15.4.3.3 Nitrogen oxides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nTable 6 Summary of most commonly encountered atmospheric contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\n15.4.3.4 Methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbon gases
15.4.3.5 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
15.4.3.6 Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
15.4.3.7 Cutting and welding gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\n15.4.3.8 Fumes from cutting and welding
15.4.3.9 Petrol\/diesel vapours
15.4.3.10 Ammonia
15.4.3.11 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
15.4.3.12 Other toxic gases
15.4.3.13 Alarm settings for atmospheric monitoring equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\n15.4.4 Limits for potentially explosive gases where no specific guidance is given
15.4.5 Radon <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\n15.4 Atmospheric monitoring
15.4.1 Monitoring equipment
15.4.2 Alarm settings for atmospheric monitoring equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\n15.4.3 Limits for potentially explosive gases where no specific guidance is given
15.5 Unoccupied tunnels and stagnant areas <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\n15.6 Cooling
15.6 Hazardous gases
15.6.1 General
15.6.2 Simple asphyxiant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\n15.6.3 Atmospheric contaminants commonly encountered in tunnelling
15.6.3.1 Carbon monoxide (CO)
15.6.3.2 Carbon dioxide (CO )
15.6.3.3 Nitrogen oxides <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\n15.6.3.4 Methane (CH ) and other hydrocarbon gases
15.6.3.5 Hydrogen sulfide (H S)
15.6.3.6 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\n15.6.3.7 Cutting and welding gases
15.6.3.8 Petrol and diesel in tunnels
15.6.3.9 Ammonia
15.6.3.10 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
15.6.3.11 Other toxic gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\n15.6.4 Radon
15.7 Ventilation systems and plant
15.7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
163<\/td>\n15.7.2 Supply ventilation
15.7.3 Extraction ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\n15.7.4 Alternating ventilation
15.7.5 Overlap systems
15.7.6 Controlled recirculation techniques
15.7.7 Other systems
15.7.8 Siting of fans
15.7.9 Earthing
15.7.10 Methane in duct <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\n15.7 Ventilation systems and plant
15.7.1 General
15.7.2 Characteristics of ventilation systems
15.7.3 Supply or forced ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
166<\/td>\n15.7.4 Extraction ventilation
15.7.5 Overlap systems
15.7.6 Methane in the extraction airflow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\n15.7.7 Controlled recirculation techniques
15.7.8 Alternating ventilation
15.7.9 Other systems
15.7.10 Siting of fans
15.7.11 Earthing and static electrical charge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
168<\/td>\n15.7.12 Material properties of ducts
15.8 Ventilation in drill and blast tunnelling
15.9 Cooling through ventilation
15.10 Ventilation of shafts
16 Dust
16.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\n16.2 Sources of dust
16.2.1 General
16.2.2 Asbestos
16.3 Effects of dust
16.3.1 Physical effects
16.3.2 Physiological effects of mineral dusts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\n16.3.3 Occupational exposure standards
16.4 Sampling
16.5 Control and removal of dust
16.6 Respiratory protective equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\n16 Dust, particulates and other contaminants
16.1 Importance of dust control
16.2 Effects of dust
16.2.1 Control of primary and secondary exposure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\n16.2.2 Occupational health outcomes from mineral dust exposure
16.2.3 Silica as a carcinogen
16.2.4 Effects of mineral dust exposure on safety <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\n16.3 Exposure limits for dust
16.4 Sampling
16.5 Control and removal of dust
16.5.1 Control by water
16.5.2 Control by ventilation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\n16.6 Respiratory protective equipment (RPE)
16.7 Asbestos
16.8 Diesel particulate matter (DPM) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\n16.9 Fumes from cutting and welding
16.10 Spray-applied membranes
16.11 Other ground contaminants
16.11.1 General
16.11.2 Desk studies and ground investigation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\n16.11.3 Total petroleum hydrocarbon residues
16.11.4 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
16.11.5 Polychlorinated biphenols (PCBs)
16.11.6 Volatile organic compounds
16.11.7 Heavy metals
16.11.8 Respiratory protection equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\n16.12 Heat strain
17 Quality of illumination
17.1 General
17.2 Level of lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\n17.3 Type of lighting
17.4 Siting of luminaires
17.5 Emergency lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
179<\/td>\nNOTE 2\u2003As flames, smoke and hot gases tend to build up in
17.6 Fire hardening of wiring
Where shown necessary by the tunnel crown inrisk assessment, the event of a fire, damage to wiring for the main and\/or emergency lighting installation can be minimized by locating it below crown level.
17.617. 7 Hand lamps and cap lamps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\n17.8 High visibility clothing
18 Operating communications
18.1 General
18.2 Communication systems
18.2.1 General
18.2.2 Communications with locomotive and other vehicle drivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\n18.2.3 Requirements for communications systems
18.2.218.2.4 Precautions where explosives are in use
18.2.318.2.5 Use of mobile phones underground <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\n18.3 Signals
18.3.1 General
18.3.2 Audible signals
18.3.3 Visual signals
18.4 Closed-circuit television (CCTV) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\n18.5 Emergency response
19 Noise and vibration
19.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
184<\/td>\n19.2 Noise emission and exposure
19.2.1 General
19.2.2 Tunnel face
19.2.3 Access routes
19.2.4 Noise sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\n19.2.5 Noise reduction
19.2.6 Communication
19.3 Vibration
19.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
186<\/td>\n19.3.2 Vibration emission and vibration exposure
19.3.2.1 Level of vibration
19.3.2.2 Whole-body vibration exposure
19.3.2.3 Level of hand\u2013arm vibration exposure
20 Shafts, pits and piles
20.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
187<\/td>\n20.2 Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\n20.3 Shaft sinking
20.3.1 Construction techniques
20.3.1.1 General
20.3.1.2 Underpinning
20.3.1.3 Caisson construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
189<\/td>\n20.3.1.4 Shafts with pre-installed linings
20.3.1.5 Drill-and-blast
20.3.1.6 Raise bored shafts
20.3.2 Shafts under construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
190<\/td>\n20.3.3 Inclined shafts and escalator shafts
20.3.4 Transport systems for downhill drives
20.3.4.1 Monorail
20.3.4.2 Invert rail mounted system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\n20.3 Locating shafts
20.4 Disused shafts
20.4.1 Permanently disused
20.4.2 Temporarily disused
20.4 Safety considerations relating to shaft construction
20.4.1 Working and storage space <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
192<\/td>\n20.4.2 Mechanical excavation of shafts
20.4.3 Shafts as confined spaces
20.4.4 Ground stabilization techniques
20.4.5 Deep shafts
20.4.6 Minimum shaft diameter
20.5 Tunnel eye <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\n20.5 Shaft construction techniques and operation
20.5.1 Underpinning
20.5.2 Caisson construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\n20.5.3 Piled shafts
20.5.4 Diaphragm walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\n20.5.5 Drill-and-blast shafts
20.5.6 Raise bored shafts
20.5.7 Mechanized shaft sinking
20.5.8 Small diameter shafts as piles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\n20.6 Shaft top layout
20.6 Lifting in shafts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\n20.7 Personnel access <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\n20.7 Protective structures in shafts
20.8 Communication
20.8 Pit bottom safety
20.9 Plant safety
20.10 Services in shafts
20.11 Inclined shafts and escalator shafts
20.12 Transport systems for inclined shafts
20.12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
199<\/td>\n20.12.2 Monorail
20.12.3 Invert rail-mounted system
20.12.4 Rubber-tyred or tracked vehicles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\n20.13 Disused shafts
20.13.1 Permanently disused
20.13.2 Temporarily disused
20.14 Tunnel eye
20.15 Removal of temporary rings and panels of d-walls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\n20.16 Shaft top layout
20.17 Personnel access <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\n20.18 Communication
21 Lifting equipment and operations
21.1 GeneralLift plan
21.2 Cranes
21.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\n21.2.121.2.2 Cranes at shaftshafts
21.2.221.2.3 Clearances
21.2.321.2.4 Long loads or complex lifting operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\n21.2.421.2.5 Lifting accessories
21.3 Winches
21.4 Materials hoists
21.5 Communication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\n21.6 CarriageLifting of persons
21.6.1 General
21.6.2 Use of crane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\n21.6.3 Use of hoist
21.6.4 Injured persons
21.6.2 Construction hoists
21.6.3 MEWPs
21.6.4 Personnel riding cage
21.6.5 Alternative personnel egress
21.6.6 Injured persons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\n21.6.7 Other lifting plant \u2013 forklift or telehandler
21.7 Arch and mesh installation
21.8 Lifting with excavators
21.9 Visual and\/or audible alarms
22 Access
22.1 Walkways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\n22.2 Stair and ladder towers
22.222.3 Access for maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\n22.322.4 Gradients
22.422.5 Temporary tunnels
22.522.6 Working at height in tunnels and shaftsshaft
22.6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\n22.6.2 MEWPs
23 Transport and loading Materials handling systems
23.1 Rail haulage
23.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\n23.1.2 Track
23.1.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\n23.1.2.2 Crossings, passing bays and work platforms
23.1.2.3 Track inspection and maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\n23.2 Operational considerations
23.2.1 General
23.2.2 Rack and pinion systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\n23.2.3 Roles for personnel
23.1.223.2.4\u2003ClearancesPedestrian separation
23.2.5 Driver containment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\n23.1.323.2.6 Propelling
23.1.423.2.7 Locomotives
23.1.4.123.2.7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\n23.1.4.2 Fuelling
23.1.4.3 Battery locomotives
23.1.4.4 Locomotives with external current collection
23.1.4.5 Potentially explosive atmospheres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\n23.1.5 Rolling stock
23.1.6 Couplings and buffers
23.1.7 Track <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\n23.1.8 Winch haulage
23.2 Rubber-tyred vehicles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\n23.3 Crawler-tracked vehicles
23.4 Tyred skips or trolleys in pipe jacking
23.5 Conveyors
23.5.1 Belt conveyors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\n23.5.2 Belt weighers
23.5.3 Vertical conveyors
23.2.7.2 Diesel locomotives \u2013 emissions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\n23.2.7.3 Diesel locomotives \u2013 fuelling
23.2.7.4 Battery powered vehicles
23.2.7.5 Electric locomotives with external current collection
23.2.7.6 Potentially explosive atmospheres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\n23.2.8 Rolling stock
23.2.8.1 General
23.2.8.2 Muck cars and skips
23.2.8.3 Shuttle cars
23.2.8.4 Materials transport <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\n23.2.8.5 Personnel carriers (man-riders)
23.2.8.6 Rolling stock\u2013brakes and brake systems
23.2.8.7 Rolling stock \u2013 air brakes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\n23.2.8.8 Maintenance and inspection
23.2.9 Couplings and buffers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\n23.3 Conveyors
23.3.1 Belt conveyors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\n23.3.2 Conveyor support structures
23.3.3 Belt weighers
23.3.4 Vertical and sub-vertical conveyors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\n23.623.4 Slurry pumpingtransport systems
23.6.123.4.1 GeneralSystem components
23.6.2 The mixing system
23.6.3 The slurry pumping system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\n23.6.4 The piping network
23.6.5 Intervention procedures
23.6.6 General operating procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\n23.6.7 Slurry separation
23.6.8 Personal protective equipment
23.7 Tipping and disposal
23.4.2 Operating procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\n23.4.3 Mixing and separation plant
23.4.4 Chemical storage
23.4.5 Slurry pumping system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\n23.4.6 The piping network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\n23.4.7 Intervention procedures \u2013 slurry TBMs
23.5 Personal protective equipment
23.6 Other haulage methods
23.6.1 Vehicle haulage
23.6.2 Winch haulage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\n23.6.3 Tyred skips or trolleys in pipe jacking
23.7 Adits and inclines
23.8 Storage and disposal of excavated material
24 Tunnel plant
24.1 General
24.2 Pneumatic plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\n24.3 Hydraulically operated plant
24.4 Internal combustion engines
24.4.1 Diesel engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\n24.4.2 Petrol engines
24.4.3 Siting of engines
24.5 Concreting plant
24.5.1 Concrete pumps
24.5.2 Shotcrete plant
24.6 Water drainage pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\n24.7 Drilling and piling rigs
24.7.1 General
24.7.2 Operation
24.7.3 Specific recommendations for drill rigs
24.8 Grouting equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\n24 Tunnel plant
24.1 General
24.1.1 Safe system of work
24.1.2 Fire suppression
24.1.3 Static plant
24.1.4 Underground use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
238<\/td>\n24.1.5 Hired plant
24.1.6 Operator competence
24.1.7 Visibility aids
24.1.8 Cabs
24.1.9 Driver restraint
24.1.10 Isolation of power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\n24.2 Separation of vehicles and pedestrians
24.3 Rubber-tyred free-steered vehicles
24.4 Crawler tracked plant
24.5 Pneumatically-powered plant and equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\n24.6 Hydraulically operated plant or equipment
24.7 Electrically-powered plant and equipment
24.8 Internal combustion engines
24.8.1 Diesel engines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\n24.8.2 Petrol engines
24.9 Battery power
24.9.1 Lead acid batteries
24.9.2 Lithium batteries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\n24.10 Concreting plant
24.10.1 Concrete pumping
24.10.2 Shotcreting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\n24.10.3 Cleaning pumping lines
24.11 Water drainage pumps
24.12 Drilling and piling rigs
24.12.1 General
24.12.2 Operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\n24.12.3 Specific recommendations for drill rigs
24.13 Grouting equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\n24.14 Earthmoving plant
24.15 MEWPs
25 Electrical
25.1 Planning, management and control of the electrical system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\n25 Electrical
25.1 Company and site management hierarchy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\n25.2 Planning, management and control of the electrical system
25.3 The management system
25.4 Training and competence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\n25.5 Safe system of work
25.225.6 Mains supply connection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\n25.325.7 Site installations
25.3.125.7.1 General
25.3.225.7.2 Voltage
25.3.2.125.7.2.1 High voltage
25.3.2.225. 7.2.2 Low voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\n25.3.2.325.7.2.3 Reduced low voltage
25.3.2.425.7.2.4 Extra low voltage
25.3.325.7.3 Fault ratings
25.3.425.7.4 Earthing
25.3.4.125.7.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
251<\/td>\n25.3.4.225.7.4.2 System earthing
25.3.4.325.7.4.3 Circuit protective conductors
25.3.4.425.7.4.4 Lightning and static electricity protection
25.3.4.525.7.4.5 Protection of circuits against electrical shock, short circuit and overcurrent <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
252<\/td>\n25.3.525.7.5 Residual current devices (RCDs)
25.3.5.125.7.5.1 General
25.3.5.225.7.5.2 RCD sensitivity and discrimination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\n25.3.625.7.6 Waterproofing and, dustproofing, vibration, mechanical stress and impact protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254<\/td>\n25.3.725.7.7 Flammable or potentially explosive atmospheres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
255<\/td>\n25.3.825.7.8 Explosion-protected equipment in compressed air
25.425.8 Cables
25.4.125.8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
256<\/td>\n25.4.225.8.2 Power supply cables
25.4.3 Trailing and flexible cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\n25.4.4 Fire risks involving cables
25.4.5 Installation of cables
25.4.6 Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
258<\/td>\n25.8.3 Trailing and flexible cables
25.8.4 Control systems cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\n25.8.5 Storage of cables
25.8.6 Installation of cables
25.8.7 Reuse of cables
25.8.8 Fire risk associated with cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\n25.8.9 Cable reeling drums
25.9 Joints and terminations
25.9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
261<\/td>\n25.9.3 Pipe jacking operations
25.4.725.9.4 Cable terminations
25.4.825.9.5 Location of electrical equipment when explosives are being used
25.525.10 Transformers and switchgear in tunnels
25.5.125.10.1 Standard types of transformers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
262<\/td>\n25.5.225.10.2 Siting of transformers
25.5.325.10.3 Switchgear <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
263<\/td>\n25.625.11 Electrical plugs and sockets
25.725.12 Lighting installations
25.7.125.12.1 General
25.7.225.12.2 Voltages
25.7.325.12.3 Luminaires <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
264<\/td>\n25.7.425.12.4 Lighting cables
25.7.525.12.5 Emergency lighting
25.825.13 Electric motors
25.8.125.13.1 Types
25.8.225.13.2 Motor control and protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\n25.8.325.13.3 Emergency stops
25.925.14 Laser products
25.9.125.14.1 General
25.9.225.14.2 Class 2 laser products
25.9.325.14.3 Class 3A laser products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
266<\/td>\n25.9.425.14.4 Use of laser products
25.15 Generators
25.15.1 General
25.15.2 Standby generators
25.15.3 Earthing
25.15.4 Bunding of tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
267<\/td>\n26 Maintenance, renovation and repair
26.1 General
26.2 Asset management <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
268<\/td>\n26.3 Preparation for renovation or repair
26.3.1 Desk study
26.3.2 Site investigation
26.3.3 Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
269<\/td>\n26.3.4 Information to be included in tender documents
26.3.5 Preparation of a safe system of work
26.4 On-site procedures for renovation and repair
26.4.1 Documents to be held on site
26.4.2 Emergency procedures
26.4.3 Ventilation and testing for gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\n26.4.4 Fire precautions
26.5 Work in shafts
26.5.1 General
26.5.126.5.2 Lifting operations
26.5.226.5.3 Environment
26.5.326.5.4 Access control
26.5.426.5.5 Working platforms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
271<\/td>\n26.6 Temporary works
26.7 Record of work <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
272<\/td>\nStandardStandards publications
Standards publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
273<\/td>\nOther publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
285<\/td>\nForeword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
287<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
292<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions
4 The control of risk
4.1 From hazard identification to safe systems of work <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\n4.2 Planning for contingencies and emergencies (see Clause 14) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\n4.3 Types of accidents
4.4 Occupational health and welfare <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\nTable 1 \u2014 Accidents \u2013 Indicative examples of cause and prevention (not in order of priority) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\nTable 2 \u2014 Principal occupational health hazards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
303<\/td>\n5 Investigation and information gathering
5.1 General
5.2 Preliminary studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\n5.3 Project\u2011specific studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\n5.4 Ground investigation during construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\n6 Detailed planning for health and safety
6.1 Integral nature of design and construction
6.2 Pre\u2011construction stage organization
6.3 Construction stage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\n6.4 Safety of permanent and temporary works <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316<\/td>\n6.5 Recruitment of project personnel
6.6 Competence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
318<\/td>\n6.7 Personal protective equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
319<\/td>\n6.8 First aid provision and procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
321<\/td>\n7 Excavation and control of ground movement
7.1 Management of risk in the tunnel construction process
7.2 Basic principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
322<\/td>\n7.3 Ground movement control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
323<\/td>\n7.4 Ground characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
326<\/td>\n7.5 Tunnel excavation
7.6 Tunnelling machines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
329<\/td>\n7.7 Control of ground movement when tunnelling in soft ground without a segmental lining <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
331<\/td>\n7.8 Tunnelling in rock <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
333<\/td>\n7.9 Hand excavation, headings and small tunnels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
335<\/td>\n7.10 Pipe and box jacking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
336<\/td>\n7.11 Soil conditioners
Table 3 \u2014 Soil conditioners <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
337<\/td>\n8 Permanent support
8.1 General
8.2 In\u2011situ linings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
338<\/td>\n8.3 Prefabricated linings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
340<\/td>\n8.4 Construction of openings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
341<\/td>\n8.5 Monitoring of loads and deformation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
342<\/td>\n9 Management of groundwater
9.1 Control of groundwater <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
345<\/td>\n9.2 Geotechnical processes for water management and ground improvement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
347<\/td>\n9.3 Compressed air
9.4 Drilling through the tunnel lining for dewatering, ground treatment or freezing
9.5 Risk from groundwater on entry to cutterhead <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
348<\/td>\n9.6 Handling of groundwater <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
349<\/td>\n10 Inundation
10.1 General
10.2 Reliance on geological information
10.3 Other potential sources of flooding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
350<\/td>\n10.4 Precautions for probe drilling
10.5 Inundation during shaft and portal construction
10.6 Inundation of a tunnel constructed with open faces (including backshunts and foreshunts) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
351<\/td>\n10.7 Inundation during Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) launch
10.8 Inundation via the TBM during operation
10.9 Inundation during face inspections of closed face TBMs
10.10 Dealing with inundation
11 Compressed\u2011air working <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
352<\/td>\n11.1 Physical effects of compressed air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
354<\/td>\n11.2 Structural considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
356<\/td>\n11.3 Shaft construction under compressed air (see also Clause 20) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
357<\/td>\n11.4 TBMs and compressed air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
358<\/td>\n11.5 Air supply <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
359<\/td>\n11.6 Bulkheads, airlocks and associated compressed\u2011air equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
360<\/td>\n11.7 Fires and rescue in compressed air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
363<\/td>\n11.8 Inundation
11.9 High pressure compressed air
12 Explosive atmospheres
12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
364<\/td>\n12.2 Occurrence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
365<\/td>\n12.3 Explosion characteristics
12.4 Detection and monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
367<\/td>\n12.5 Action levels
12.6 Re-entry procedures
Table 4 \u2014 Action level summary table
12.7 Sources of ignition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
368<\/td>\n12.8 Explosion protection (see also 12.5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
369<\/td>\n12.9 Work in potentially explosive atmospheres
12.10 Other explosive gases
12.11 Methane occurrence on TBMs
12.12 Methane occurrence in slurry plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
370<\/td>\n12.13 Flammable dust
13 Fire and smoke
13.1 Sources of fuel and ignition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
371<\/td>\nTable 5 \u2014 Provision of fire extinguishing equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
372<\/td>\nTable 6 \u2014 Portable fire extinguishing equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
374<\/td>\n13.2 Welding and cutting (burning) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
376<\/td>\n13.3 Fire precautions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
377<\/td>\n13.4 Fires involving electrical equipment
13.5 Water spray curtain
14 Response to emergencies
14.1 Escape routes
14.2 Emergency services and operational capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
378<\/td>\n14.3 Emergency control facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
379<\/td>\n14.4 Raising the alarm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
380<\/td>\n14.5 Alarm procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
381<\/td>\n14.6 Site training
14.7 Access
14.8 Lighting
14.9 Smoke control
14.10 Rescue facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
382<\/td>\n14.11 Self\u2011rescuers
14.12 Accounting for personnel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
383<\/td>\n14.13 Refuge chamber
14.14 Escape and rescue in small tunnels
14.15 Response to inundation risk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
384<\/td>\n14.16 Recovery of the situation following inundation
15 Ventilation
15.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
386<\/td>\n15.2 Guidelines for fresh air supply quantities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
387<\/td>\n15.3 Quality of air
15.4 Atmospheric monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
388<\/td>\nTable 7 \u2014 Alarm settings and responses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
389<\/td>\n15.5 Unoccupied tunnels and stagnant areas
15.6 Hazardous gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
392<\/td>\nTable 8 \u2014 Summary of most commonly encountered atmospheric contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
397<\/td>\n15.7 Ventilation systems and plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
400<\/td>\n15.8 Ventilation in drill and blast tunnelling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
401<\/td>\n15.9 Cooling through ventilation
15.10 Ventilation of shafts
16 Dust, particulates and other contaminants
16.1 Importance of dust control
16.2 Effects of dust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
403<\/td>\n16.3 Exposure limits for dust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
404<\/td>\n16.4 Sampling
16.5 Control and removal of dust <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
405<\/td>\n16.6 Respiratory protective equipment (RPE)
16.7 Asbestos
16.8 Diesel particulate matter (DPM) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
406<\/td>\n16.9 Fumes from cutting and welding
16.10 Spray-applied membranes
16.11 Other ground contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
408<\/td>\n16.12 Heat strain
17 Quality of illumination
17.1 General
17.2 Level of lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
409<\/td>\nTable 9 \u2014 Mean lighting levels
17.3 Type of lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
410<\/td>\n17.4 Siting of luminaires
17.5 Emergency lighting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
411<\/td>\n17.6 Fire hardening of wiring
17.7 Hand lamps and cap lamps
17.8 High visibility clothing
18 Operating communications
18.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
412<\/td>\n18.2 Communication systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
413<\/td>\n18.3 Signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
414<\/td>\n18.4 Closed\u2011circuit television (CCTV)
18.5 Emergency response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
415<\/td>\n19 Noise and vibration
19.1 General
19.2 Noise emission and exposure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
417<\/td>\n19.3 Vibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
418<\/td>\n20 Shafts, pits and piles
20.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
419<\/td>\n20.2 Design
20.3 Locating shafts
20.4 Safety considerations relating to shaft construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
421<\/td>\n20.5 Shaft construction techniques and operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
424<\/td>\n20.6 Lifting in shafts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
425<\/td>\n20.7 Protective structures in shafts
20.8 Pit bottom safety
20.9 Plant safety <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
426<\/td>\n20.10 Services in shafts
20.11 Inclined shafts and escalator shafts
20.12 Transport systems for inclined shafts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
427<\/td>\n20.13 Disused shafts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
428<\/td>\n20.14 Tunnel eye
20.15 Removal of temporary rings and panels of d-walls
20.16 Shaft top layout <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
429<\/td>\n20.17 Personnel access <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
430<\/td>\n20.18 Communication
21 Lifting equipment and operations
21.1 Lift plan
21.2 Cranes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
432<\/td>\n21.3 Winches
21.4 Materials hoists
21.5 Communication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
433<\/td>\n21.6 Lifting of persons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
434<\/td>\n21.7 Arch and mesh installation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
435<\/td>\n21.8 Lifting with excavators
21.9 Visual and\/or audible alarms
22 Access
22.1 Walkways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
436<\/td>\n22.2 Stair and ladder towers
22.3 Access for maintenance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
437<\/td>\n22.4 Gradients
22.5 Temporary tunnels
22.6 Working at height in tunnels and shaft
23 Materials handling systems
23.1 Rail haulage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
440<\/td>\n23.2 Operational considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
448<\/td>\n23.3 Conveyors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
450<\/td>\n23.4 Slurry transport systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
453<\/td>\n23.5 Personal protective equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
454<\/td>\n23.6 Other haulage methods
23.7 Adits and inclines
23.8 Storage and disposal of excavated material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
455<\/td>\n24 Tunnel plant
24.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
457<\/td>\n24.2 Separation of vehicles and pedestrians
24.3 Rubber-tyred free-steered vehicles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
458<\/td>\n24.4 Crawler tracked plant
24.5 Pneumatically-powered plant and equipment
24.6 Hydraulically operated plant or equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
459<\/td>\n24.7 Electrically-powered plant and equipment
24.8 Internal combustion engines
24.9 Battery power <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
460<\/td>\n24.10 Concreting plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
462<\/td>\n24.11 Water drainage pumps
24.12 Drilling and piling rigs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
463<\/td>\n24.13 Grouting equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
464<\/td>\n24.14 Earthmoving plant
24.15 MEWPs
25 Electrical
25.1 Company and site management hierarchy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
465<\/td>\n25.2 Planning, management and control of the electrical system
25.3 The management system
25.4 Training and competence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
466<\/td>\n25.5 Safe system of work
25.6 Mains supply connection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
467<\/td>\n25.7 Site installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
471<\/td>\nTable 10 \u2014 Earth leakage protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
473<\/td>\n25.8 Cables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
476<\/td>\n25.9 Joints and terminations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
477<\/td>\n25.10 Transformers and switchgear in tunnels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
479<\/td>\n25.11 Electrical plugs and sockets
25.12 Lighting installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
480<\/td>\n25.13 Electric motors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
481<\/td>\n25.14 Laser products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
483<\/td>\n25.15 Generators
26 Maintenance, renovation and repair
26.1 General
26.2 Asset management <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
484<\/td>\n26.3 Preparation for renovation or repair <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
486<\/td>\n26.4 On\u2011site procedures for renovation and repair
26.5 Work in shafts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
487<\/td>\n26.6 Temporary works
26.7 Record of work <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
488<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tracked Changes. Health and safety in tunnelling in the construction industry. Code of practice<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2019<\/td>\n492<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":216596,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-216590","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/216590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/216596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=216590"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=216590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}