This report gives an overview of the origin and properties of fly ash, its effect on the properties of hydraulic cement concrete, and the proper selection and use of fly ash in the production of hydraulic cement concrete and concrete products. Information and recommendations concerning the selection and use of Class C and Class F fly ashes generally conforming to the requirements of ASTM C 618 are provided. Topics covered include a detailed description of the composition of fly ash, the physical and chemical effects of fly ash on properties of concrete, guidance on the handling and use of fly ash in concrete construction, use of fly ash in the production of concrete products and specialty concrete, and the recommended procedures for quality control. Relevant documents of standards-making bodies referred to in this document are cited and listed. Keywords: abrasion resistance; admixture; alkali-aggregate reaction; concrete pavement; controlled low-strength material; drying shrinkage; durability; efflorescence; fineness; fly ash; hydraulic cement; mass concrete; mixture proportion; pozzolan; precast concrete; quality control; reinforced concrete; roller-compacted concrete; soil cement; strength; sulfate resistance; workability.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 2<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 1\u2014 GENERAL 1.1\u2014 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 3<\/td>\n | 1.2\u2014 Source of fly ash 1.2.1 Production and processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | 1.2.2 Impact of environmental regulations 1.2.3 Beneficiated fly ash <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 2\u2014 FLY ASH COMPOSITION 2.1\u2014 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | 2.2\u2014 Chemical composition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 2.3\u2014 Crystalline constituents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | 2.4\u2014 Glassy constituents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 2.5\u2014Physical properties 2.5.1 Particle shape 2.5.2 Fineness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 2.5.3 Density 2.5.4 Trace metals in fly ash 2.6\u2014Chemical activity of fly ash in hydraulic cement concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 2.7\u2014Future research needs CHAPTER 3\u2014 EFFECTS OF FLY ASH ON CONCRETE 3.1\u2014 Effects on properties of fresh concrete 3.1.1 Workability 3.1.2 Bleeding 3.1.3 Pumpability 3.1.4 Time of setting 3.1.5 Finishability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 3.1.6 Air entrainment 3.2\u2014 Effects on properties of hardened concrete 3.2.1 Compressive strength and rate of strength gain <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 3.2.2 Modulus of elasticity 3.2.3 Creep <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 3.2.4 Bond 3.2.5 Impact resistance 3.2.6 Abrasion resistance 3.2.7 Temperature rise 3.2.8 Resistance to high temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 3.2.9 Resistance to freezing and thawing 3.2.10 Permeability and corrosion protection 3.2.11 Reduction of expansion caused by alkali-silicareaction (ASR) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 3.2.12 Sulfate resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 3.2.13 Drying shrinkage 3.2.14 Efflorescence 3.2.15 Deicing scaling 3.2.16 Expansion produced by free magnesia <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 4\u2014 CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONING 4.1\u2014 General 4.2\u2014 Considerations in mixture proportioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 5\u2014 FLY ASH SPECIFICATIONS, TEST METHODS, AND QUALITY ASSURANCE\/ CONTROL 5.1\u2014 Introduction 5.2\u2014 Chemical requirements 5.3\u2014 Physical requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5.4\u2014General specification provisions 5.5\u2014 Methods of sampling and testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 5.6\u2014 Source quality control 5.7\u2014Startup, oil, and stack additives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 5.8\u2014 Rapid quality- control tests CHAPTER 6\u2014 FLY ASH IN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 6.1\u2014 Ready- mixed concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 6.2\u2014 Concrete pavement 6.3\u2014 Mass concrete 6.4\u2014 Roller- compacted concrete 6.5\u2014 Self- consolidating concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 6.6\u2014 High- volume fly ash concrete 6.7\u2014 High- performance concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 6.8\u2014 Bulk handling and storage 6.9\u2014Batching <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | CHAPTER 7\u2014 FLY ASH IN CONCRETE PRODUCTS 7.1\u2014 Concrete masonry units 7.2\u2014Concrete pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 7.3\u2014 Precast\/ prestressed concrete products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 7.4\u2014 No- slump extruded hollow- core slabs CHAPTER 8\u2014 OTHER USES OF FLY ASH 8.1\u2014 Grouts and mortar 8.2\u2014Controlled low-strength material 8.3\u2014Soil cement 8.4\u2014Sulfur concrete 8.5\u2014 Plastering 8.6\u2014 Cellular concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 8.7\u2014 Shotcrete 8.8\u2014Waste management 8.9\u2014 Cements and lime 8.10\u2014Fillers 8.11\u2014 Oil- well cementing CHAPTER 9\u2014 REFERENCES 9.1\u2014 Referenced standards and reports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 9.2\u2014 Cited references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 9.3\u2014Other references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | APPENDIX\u2014 RAPID QUALITY- CONTROL TESTS A.1\u2014Loss of ignition A.2\u2014Carbon analysis A.3\u2014Material retained on 45 mm (No. 325 [0.0018 in.]) \nsieve A.4\u2014Air-jet sieving A.5\u2014Air-permeability fineness A.6\u2014Color A.7\u2014Density ( specific gravity) A.8\u2014Foam-index test A.9\u2014Organic material A.10\u2014CaO content A.11\u2014Presence of hydrocarbons ( startup oil) A.12\u2014Presence of ammonia ( precipitator additive) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 232.2R-03: Use of Fly Ash in Concrete<\/b><\/p>\n |