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BSI PD IEC TS 62257-7-2:2022

BSI PD IEC TS 62257-7-2:2022

$198.66

Renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Generator set. Off-grid wind turbines

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 66
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
6 CONTENTS
10 FOREWORD
12 INTRODUCTION
13 1 Scope
Figures
Figure 1 – General functional configuration of SWT(s) in an off-grid hybrid power system
14 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
19 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Abbreviated terms
20 4.2 Symbols
5 Wind turbine (WT)
5.1 Types of wind turbines
5.1.1 Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)
21 5.1.2 Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)
Figure 2 – Example of wind turbine with active yaw system
Figure 3 – Rotors with different number of blades of a HAWT
Figure 4 – Four typical VAWTs
22 5.1.3 SWT classes
5.2 General characteristics of SWT
5.2.1 Basic technical characteristics
Tables
Table 1 – Basic parameters for SWT classes
23 5.2.2 Most important technical characteristics
24 5.3 Working conditions of SWT
6 Off-grid Small Wind Power Systems (SWPS)
6.1 General
6.2 Major components in SWPS
6.2.1 SWT
25 6.2.2 Tower
26 6.2.3 Controller
6.2.4 Brake
Figure 5 – Variety of tower options
27 6.2.5 Inverter
6.2.6 Storage system
6.2.7 Dump load
6.3 Design Procedure of SWPS
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Wind resource assessment
28 6.3.3 Site assessment
6.3.4 Determine the capacity of the SWPS
6.3.5 Select SWT
6.4 Configuration of SWPS
6.4.1 General
29 Figure 6 – AC bus system
Figure 7 – DC bus system
30 Table 2 – Equipment having a nominal voltage below 750 V DC
31 Table 3 – Equipment having a nominal voltage below 750 V DC
32 6.4.2 Layout SWT(s) on site
7 Selection of SWPS
7.1 General
Table 4 – AC systems having a nominal voltage between 100 V and 1 000 V inclusive and related equipment
33 7.2 Selection criteria
7.2.1 General factors in selection of SWT
7.2.2 Rule of thumb
7.2.3 Wind turbine height
34 7.2.4 Turbulence
7.3 Design of a microgrid or Isolated Microgrid with SWT
7.3.1 Meet national rural grid standards
7.3.2 Design microgrid and wiring into households
8 Safety issues
8.1 General
8.2 General
Figure 8 – Obstruction of the wind by a building or a tree
35 8.3 Personal safety
8.3.1 Safety training and regulation following
8.3.2 Basic safety guidelines
36 8.4 Equipment safety
8.4.1 SWT
8.4.2 System current and voltage
8.4.3 Wiring and disconnection requirements
8.4.4 Grounding
37 8.4.5 Other safety issues and anti-theft
8.5 SWPS safety for isolated microgrid
8.5.1 System safety
38 8.5.2 Extreme climate proof
8.5.3 High elevation for electronics
8.6 Protection against electric shock and fire
9 SWT and SWPS installation
9.1 General
9.1.1 Overview
39 9.1.2 General installation methods
9.1.3 Rooftop installation
9.1.4 Verticality
Table 5 – Installation methods of different SWPSs
40 9.2 Installation of SWPS of isolated microgrid
9.2.1 Transportation
9.2.2 Preparations
9.2.3 Infrastructure
41 9.2.4 Civil works
42 9.2.5 Installation of equipment
Figure 9 – Pads for tilt-up tower
44 10 Tests and acceptance
10.1 General
10.2 Individual equipment test
10.3 System self-test
10.4 Acceptance test
10.4.1 General
45 10.4.2 Preparation
10.4.3 Documentation
10.4.4 Commissioning
Figure 10 – Acceptance test procedure of SWPS
46 10.4.5 Agreement
11 Operation and maintenance
11.1 General
11.2 Safety
11.3 Operation and maintenance procedures
47 11.4 General inspection, routine and troubleshooting
11.4.1 Inspection
11.4.2 Check list
11.5 Troubleshooting
48 12 Marking and documentation
12.1 Markings and signs
12.1.1 General
12.1.2 Equipment marking
12.1.3 Requirements for signs
12.2 Labelling
12.2.1 Labelling of SWT
12.2.2 Labelling of disconnection devices
12.3 Documentation
49 Annexes
Annex A (informative)Main characteristics of an off-grid wind turbine
A.1 Example of battery charging horizontal axis SWT’s characteristics, see Table A.1
Table A.1 – Example of battery charging horizontal axis SWT’s characteristics
50 A.2 Example of battery charging vertical axis SWT’s characteristics, see Table A.2
Table A.2 – Example of battery charging vertical axis SWT’s characteristics
51 Annex B (informative)Wind shear exponent, α
Table B.1 – Surface roughness and lengths and the wind hear exponents (
52 Annex C (informative)Example of labelling
Figure C.1 – Sample label in English
Figure C.2 – Sample label, bilingual (English and French)
53 Annex D (informative)Example of inspection and maintenance schedule
D.1 General
D.2 Example of inspection and maintenance schedule for a SWPS with HAWT
D.3 Checklist for inspections
55 Annex E (informative)Example of troubleshooting for a SWPS with HAWT SWT
Table E.1 – Example of troubleshooting guide for SWT
57 Annex F (informative)Example of commissioning records sheet for SWT
Table F.1 – Acceptance of wind generators
58 Table F.2 – Example of commissioning records sheet for SWT operation
59 Annex G (informative)Case study of SWPS design
G.1 Basic information
G.2 Local renewable energy resource – Wind resource
G.3 Required wind power capacity in the HPS
G.4 Select wind turbine (s)
Figure G.1 – Annual monthly average wind speed pattern
60 G.5 Calculate the power output of unit SWT based upon local wind resource and power curve of selected SWT
Figure G.2 – Power curve of selected SWT
Figure G.3 – Power output from one 10 kW SWT
61 Annex H (informative)Example of oscillation method to determine natural frequency and tension
H.1 General
H.2 Oscillation method for tensioning guy cables
62 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TS 62257-7-2:2022
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