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BS EN 14662-1:2023:2024 Edition

BS EN 14662-1:2023:2024 Edition

$215.11

Ambient air quality. Standard method for measurement of benzene concentrations – Pumped sampling followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2024 76
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This document gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography. This document is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period. This document is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 μg/m3 to 50 μg/m3. Air samples are typically collected over periods ranging from a few hours to 7 days. The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity (the safe sampling volume) of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capacity of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for graphitised carbon sorbents, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents – e.g. porous polymers. The detection limit will be approximately 1/10 of the lower concentration range. This document provides general guidance for the sampling of benzene using either a single sampler, which is changed manually after every exposure period, or a multi-sampler capable of storing and exposing multiple samples without user intervention.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
13 4 Method description
4.1 Principle
4.2 Reagents and materials
4.2.1 Benzene
4.2.2 Dilution solvent
4.2.3 Dilution gas
4.2.4 Inert gas for sampler conditioning
14 4.2.5 Calibration standards in samplers
4.2.6 Preparation of calibration gas mixtures
4.2.7 Calibration standards in samplers prepared by vapour spiking of calibration gas mixtures
15 4.2.8 Preparation of standard solutions for liquid spiking
4.2.8.1 General
4.2.8.2 Solution containing approximately 5 mg/ml of benzene
4.2.9 Stability of standard solutions
4.2.10 Calibration standards in samplers prepared by liquid spiking of standard solutions
4.3 Apparatus
4.3.1 Samplers
16 4.3.2 Sampler and caps
4.3.3 Types of sampling devices
4.3.3.1 General
4.3.3.2 Single sampling device
4.3.3.3 Multiplexing sampling device
4.3.3.4 Parallel sampling device
17 4.3.4 Sequential sampling devices
4.3.4.1 General
4.3.4.2 Individual sequential sampling device
4.3.4.3 Parallel sequential sampling device
4.3.4.4 Other functionality
18 4.3.5 Tubing
4.3.6 Flow calibration device
4.3.7 Gas chromatograph
4.3.8 Thermal desorption (TD) apparatus
19 4.4 Sampler conditioning and blank profiling
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Initial conditioning
4.4.3 Ongoing conditioning
20 4.4.4 Testing of blanks
4.5 Setting of sampling flow rate
4.6 Sampling
21 5 Air inlet/manifold sampling equipment
5.1 General
5.2 Sampling location
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Protective shield
5.2.3 Positioning of the inlet
22 5.3 Sample delivery
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Construction
5.3.3 Particle filter
5.3.4 Conditioning
23 6 Type testing
6.1 General
6.2 Relevant performance characteristics and performance criteria
26 6.3 Type testing programme
6.3.1 Laboratory tests
6.3.1.1 Sampling equipment design
27 6.3.1.2 Inlet design
6.3.1.3 Flow control system
6.3.1.4 Sampled volume
28 6.3.1.5 Constancy of flow through sequentially or parallel sampled tubes
6.3.1.6 Leak tightness of the sampling device
6.3.1.7 Storage of samplers within the sequential sampling device
30 6.3.1.8 Single tube sampling period
6.3.1.9 Uncertainty of the sampling time measurement
6.3.1.10 Recording of operational parameters
31 6.3.1.11 Impact of mains voltage failure
6.3.2 Evaluation of test results
33 7 Field operations and ongoing quality control
7.1 General
7.2 Frequency of calibrations, checks and maintenance
34 7.3 Maintenance of the sampling device
7.4 Checks of sampling device sensors
7.5 Calibration of sampling device sensors
7.6 Checks of the sampling system flow rate
35 7.7 Calibration of the sampling device flow rate
7.8 Leak check of the sampling system
7.9 Evaluation of sample losses in the sampling device
8 Determination of measurement uncertainty
8.1 General
36 8.2 Parameters contributing to measurement uncertainty
8.2.1 Parameters to be assessed and minimum requirements
37 8.2.2 Between-laboratory uncertainty
9 Report
10 Recommendations for use
38 Annex A (informative)Sorbent selection and characteristics
40 Annex B (informative)Analysis of exposed samples
B.1 Safety precautions
B.2 Thermal desorption
41 B.3 Determination of desorption efficiency
B.4 Calibration
42 B.5 Determination of sample concentration
B.6 Calculation of mass concentration of benzene
43 Annex C (informative)Determination of breakthrough volume from gas standards
C.1 Reagents
C.2 Apparatus
C.3 Determination
44 C.4 Calculations
45 Annex D (informative)Determination of breakthrough volumes from extrapolated retention volumes
D.1 Apparatus
D.2 Reagents
D.3 Determination
D.4 Expression of results
46 Annex E (informative)Assessment of performance indicators and uncertainty contributions
E.1 General
E.2 Sample volume
E.2.1 General
47 E.2.2 Sample flow calibration and measurement
48 E.2.3 Sampling time
E.2.4 Conversion of sampling volume to STP
E.2.4.1 Mass-flow controlled sampling devices
49 E.2.4.2 Volume-controlled sampling devices
50 E.3 Desorption efficiency and analytical repeatability
E.3.1 Introduction
E.3.2 Desorption efficiency
E.3.3 Analytical repeatability
51 E.4 Mass of benzene sampled
E.4.1 General
E.4.2 Sampling efficiency
E.4.3 Sample stability
52 E.4.4 Corrections to the measured mass of benzene
E.4.4.1 General
E.4.4.2 Calibration standards
E.4.4.3 Lack-of-fit of calibration function
53 E.4.4.4 Response drift between calibrations
E.4.4.5 Selectivity
54 E.4.5 Combined uncertainty in the measured mass of benzene
55 E.4.6 Combined uncertainty in the sampled mass of benzene
E.5 Mass of benzene in sample blank
E.6 Combined uncertainty in benzene concentration
56 E.7 Expanded uncertainty
E.8 Uncertainty from performance requirements
E.8.1 General
E.8.2 Analyte Ingress from air being sampled
58 E.8.3 Analyte Ingress from Surrounding Air
E.8.4 Loss of Retained Analyte
61 E.9 Between-laboratory uncertainty
62 E.10 Example for uncertainty budget calculation
64 Annex F (informative)Reproducibility, validation and comparison exercises
65 Annex G (informative)Performance characteristics
G.1 Prior art
66 G.2 Results of inter-laboratory comparisons
68 Annex H (informative)Sampling equipment
72 Annex I (informative)Significant technical changes

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BS EN 14662-1:2023
$215.11